-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- __________________________________________________________ The U.S. Department of Energy Computer Incident Advisory Capability ___ __ __ _ ___ / | /_\ / \___ __|__ / \ \___ __________________________________________________________ INFORMATION BULLETIN Cisco IOS(R) Software Input Access List Leakage with NAT Notice released by Cisco on Tuesday April 13, 1999 April 26, 1999 18:00 GMT Number J-041 ______________________________________________________________________________ PROBLEM: Input access list filters may "leak" packets in certain network address translation (NAT) configurations, creating a security exposure. Configurations without NAT are not affected. PLATFORM: Cisco routers running 12.0-based versions of Cisco IOS software (including 12.0, 12.0S, and 12.0T, in all versions up to, but not including, 12.0(4), 12.0(4)S, and 12.0(4)T, as well as other 12.0 releases). Non-12.0 releases are not affected. DAMAGE: The "leakage" does not happen at all times. This may cause administrators to believe that filtering is working when it is not. SOLUTION: Software fixes are being created for this vulnerability, but are not yet available for all software versions. Cisco released this notice before fixed software is universally available in order to enable affected Cisco customers to take immediate steps to protect themselves against this vulnerability. ______________________________________________________________________________ VULNERABILITY The risk is high if your operations fit the profile given in ASSESSMENT: the Cisco bulletin's "Who Is Affected" section. For example, your risk may be high if you are using input access lists in conjunction with NAT on an interface of a Cisco IOS router running any 12.0-based version software earlier than the fixed versions. Otherwise, there is no risk. ______________________________________________________________________________ [Start Cisco Advisory] Cisco IOS(R) Software Input Access List Leakage with NAT Revision 1.2 For release Tuesday, April 13, 1999, 08:00 AM US/Pacific Cisco internal use only until released on www.cisco.com ============================================================== Summary ======= A group of related software bugs (bug IDs given under "Software Versions and Fixes") create an undesired interaction between network address translation (NAT) and input access list processing in certain Cisco routers running 12.0-based versions of Cisco IOS software (including 12.0, 12.0S, and 12.0T, in all versions up to, but not including, 12.0(4), 12.0(4)S, and 12.0(4)T, as well as other 12.0 releases). Non-12.0 releases are not affected. This may cause input access list filters to "leak" packets in certain NAT configurations, creating a security exposure. Configurations without NAT are not affected. The failure does not happen at all times, and is less likely under laboratory conditions than in installed networks. This may cause administrators to believe that filtering is working when it is not. Software fixes are being created for this vulnerability, but are not yet available for all software versions (see the section on "Software Versions and Fixes"). This notice is being released before fixed software is universally available in order to enable affected Cisco customers to take immediate steps to protect themselves against this vulnerability. Who Is Affected =============== If you are using input access lists in conjunction with NAT on an interface of a Cisco IOS router running any 12.0-based version of Cisco IOS software earlier than the fixed versions listed in the table under "Software Versions and Fixes", then you are affected by this vulnerability. Non-12.0 releases are not affected. Both input access lists and NAT must be in use on the same router interface in order for this vulnerability to manifest itself. If your configuration file does not contain the command "ip access-group in" on the same interface with "ip nat inside" or "ip nat outside", then you are not affected. The majority of routers are not configured to use NAT, and are therefore not affected. NAT routers are most commonly found at Internet boundaries. Affected Devices - - -------------- Cisco devices that run Cisco IOS software, and are affected by this vulnerability, include the following: * Cisco routers in the 17xx family are affected. * Cisco routers in the 26xx family are affected. * Cisco routers in the 36xx family are affected. * Cisco routers in the AS58xx family (not the AS52xx or AS53xx) are affected. * Cisco routers in the 72xx family (including the ubr72xx) are affected. * Cisco routers in the RSP70xx family (not non-RSP 70xx routers) are affected. * Cisco routers in the 75xx family are affected. * The Catalyst 5xxx Route-Switch Module (RSM) is affected. The Catalyst 5xxx switch supervisors themselves are not affected; only the optional RSM module is involved. Cisco devices which run Cisco IOS software, but are not affected by this vulnerability, include the following: * Cisco routers in the 8xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the ubr9xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the 10xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the 14xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the 16xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the 25xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the 30xx family are not affected (and do not run 12.0 software). * Cisco routers in the mc38xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the 40xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the 45xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the 47xx family are not affected. * Cisco routers in the AS52xx family are not affected * Cisco routers in the AS53xx family are not affected. * Catalyst 85xx Switch Routers are not affected (and do not support NAT). * GSR12xxx Gigabit Switch Routers are not affected (and do not support NAT). * Cisco 64xx universal access concentrators are not affected. * Cisco AGS/MGS/CGS/AGS+ and IGS routers are not affected (and do not run 12.0 software). * LS1010 ATM switches are not affected. * Catalyst 2900XL LAN switches are not affected. * The Cisco DistributedDirector is not affected. If you are unsure whether your device is running classic Cisco IOS software, log into the device and issue the command "show version". Cisco IOS software will identify itself simply as "IOS" or "Internetwork Operating System Software". Other Cisco devices either will not have the "show version" command, or will give different output. If you are not running Cisco IOS software, then you are not affected by this vulnerability. Cisco devices which do not run Cisco IOS software, and are not affected by this vulnerability, include the following: * 7xx dialup routers (750, 760, and 770 series) are not affected. * Catalyst 19xx, 28xx, 29xx, 3xxx, and 5xxx LAN switches are not affected. * WAN switching products in the IGX and BPX lines are not affected. * The MGX (formerly known as the AXIS shelf) is not affected. * No host-based software is affected. * The Cisco PIX Firewall is not affected. * The Cisco LocalDirector is not affected. * The Cisco Cache Engine is not affected. Impact ====== The severity of the impact may vary, depending on the device type, configuration and environment, from sporadic leakage of occasional packets to consistent leakage of significant classes of packets. The environment dependencies are extremely complex and difficult to characterize, but essentially all vulnerable configurations are affected to some degree. Customers with affected devices are advised to assume that the vulnerability affects their networks whenever input access lists are used together with NAT in 12.0-based software. This vulnerability may allow users to circumvent network security filters, and therefore security policies. This may happen with no special effort on the part of the user, and indeed without the user being aware that a filter exists at all. No particular tools, skills, or knowledge are needed for such opportunistic attacks. In some configurations, it may be also possible for an attacker to deliberately create the conditions for this failure; doing this would require detailed knowledge and a degree of sophistication. The conditions that trigger this vulnerability may be frequent and long-lasting in some production configurations. Software Versions and Fixes =========================== This vulnerability is created by bugs in interface hardware drivers. These bugs affect the drivers for all interface types on affected platforms. The majority of these driver bugs are grouped under Cisco bug ID CSCdk79747. Additional bugs IDs include CSCdm22569 (miscellaneous additional drivers), and CSCdm22299 (Cisco 1400 and 1700 platforms; of these two, only the 1700 actually suffers packet leakage). A related bugs is CSCdm22451, which describes a problem with the original fix for CSCdk79747. All four of these bugs are, or will be, fixed in the software releases listed in the table below. Many Cisco software images have been or will be specially reissued to correct this vulnerability. For example, regular released version 12.0(3) is vulnerable, as are interim versions 12.0(3.1) through 12.0(3.7) The first fixed version of 12.0 mainline software is 12.0(4). However, a special release, 12.0(3b), contains only the security vulnerability fixes, and does not include any of the other bug fixes from later 12.0 interim releases. If you were running 12.0(3), and wanted to upgrade to fix this problem, without taking the risk of instability presented by the new functionality and additional bug fixes in the 12.0(4) release, you could upgrade to 12.0(3b). 12.0(3b) represents a "code branch" from the 12.0(3) base, which merges back into the 12.0 mainline at 12.0(4). In every case, these special releases are one-time spot fixes, and will not be maintained. The upgrade path from, say, 12.0(3b), is to 12.0(4). Note that fixes are not yet available for some affected releases. Cisco is releasing this notice before the general release of fixed software because of the possibility that this vulnerability may be exploited in the interim. All fix dates in the table are estimates and are subject to change. +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ | | | | Projected | | | | | Special spot | first fixed |Projected first| | | | fix release; | regular or | fixed regular | | Cisco IOS | | most stable | interim** | maintenance | |Major Release| Description | immediate | release (fix| release (or | | | | upgrade path | will carry |other long term| | | | (see above) | forward into| upgrade path) | | | | | all later | | | | | | versions) | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ | Unaffected releases | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |11.3 and | | | | | |earlier, all |Unaffected |Unaffected |Unaffected |Unaffected | |variants |early releases | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ | | 12.0-based releases | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0 |12.0 mainline |12.0(3b) |12.0(4), |12.0(4), | | | | |April 19, |April 19, 1999*| | | | |1999* | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0S |ISP support: | |12.0(4)S |12.0(5)S | | |7200, RSP, | |(treated as |June 21, 1999* | | |GSR12000. In | |interim** and| | | |field test. | - |released to | | | | | |field testers| | | | | |on request | | | | | |only | | | | | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0T |12.0 new |12.0(3)T2, |12.0(4)T, |12.0(4)T, | | |technology |April 14, |April 26, |April 26, 1999*| | |early |1999* |1999* | | | |deployment | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0DB |12.0 for Cisco | | |Unaffected; not| | |6400 universal | | |supported on | | |access | | |affected | | |concentrator | - | - |platforms. | | |node switch | | | | | |processor (lab | | | | | |use) | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(1)W5(x) |12.0 for | | |Unaffected; not| | |Catalyst 8500 | - | - |supported on | | |and LS1010 | | |affected | | | | | |platforms | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(0.6)W5 |One-time early | | |Unaffected; not| | |deployment for | | |supported on | | |CH-OC12 module | - | - |affected | | |in Catalyst | | |platforms. | | |8500 series | | | | | |switches | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(1)XA3 |Short-life | |Merged |Upgrade to | | |release; merged| | |12.0(3)T2 or | | |to 12.0T at | - | |12.0(4)T | | |12.0(2)T. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(1)XB |Short-life |Unaffected |Merged |Unaffected; not| | |release for | | |supported on | | |Cisco 800 | | |affected | | |series; merged | | |platforms. | | |to 12.0T at | | |Regular upgrade| | |12.0(3)T. | | |path is via | | | | | |12.0(4)T | | | | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(2)XC |Short-life | |Merged |Upgrade to | | |release for new| | |12.0(3)T2 or | | |features in | | |12.0(4)T | | |Cisco 2600, | | | | | |Cisco 3600, | - | | | | |ubr7200, ubr900| | | | | |series; merged | | | | | |to 12.0T at | | | | | |12.0(3)T. | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(2)XD |Short-life | |Merged |Upgrade to | | |release for | | |12.0(3)T2 or | | |ISDN voice | - | |12.0(4)T | | |features; | | | | | |merged to 12.0T| | | | | |at 12.0(3)T. | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(x)XE |Short-life |12.0(2)XE3, |Merged |Upgrade to | | |release for |April 13, | |12.0(3)T2 or | | |selected |1999* | |12.0(4)T. | | |entreprise | | | | | |features; | | | | | |merged to 12.0T| | | | | |at 12.0(3)T | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(2)XF |Short-life spot|Unaffected |Merged |Unaffected; not| | |release of 12.0| | |supported on | | |for the | | |affected | | |Catalyst | | |platforms. | | |2900XL LAN | | |Regular upgrade| | |switch; merged | | |path is via | | |to 12.0T at | | |12.0(4)T. | | |12.0(4)T. | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ |12.0(2)XG |Short-life | |Merged |Upgrade to | | |release for | | |12.0(4)T | | |voice modules | - | | | | |and features; | | | | | |merged to 12.0T| | | | | |at 12.0(4)T. | | | | +-------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+ * All dates are tentative and subject to change ** Interim releases are subjected to less internal testing and verification than are regular releases, may have serious bugs, and should be installed with great care. Getting Fixed Software - -------------------- Cisco is offering free software upgrades to remedy this vulnerability for all affected customers. Customers with service contracts may upgrade to any software version. Customers without contracts may upgrade only within a single row of the table above, except that any available fixed software will be provided to any customer who can use it and for whom the standard fixed software is not yet available. As always, customers may install only the feature sets they have purchased. Note that not all fixed software is available as of the date of this notice. Customers with contracts should obtain upgraded software through their regular update channels. For most customers, this means that upgrades should be obtained via the Software Center on Cisco's Worldwide Web site at http://www.cisco.com. Customers without contracts should get their upgrades by contacting the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC). TAC contacts are as follows: * +1 800 553 2447 (toll-free from within North America) * +1 408 526 7209 (toll call from anywhere in the world) * e-mail: tac@cisco.com Give the URL of this notice as evidence of your entitlement to a free upgrade. Free upgrades for non-contract customers must be requested through the TAC. Please do not contact either "psirt@cisco.com" or "security-alert@cisco.com" for software upgrades. Workarounds =========== This vulnerability may be worked around by changing the configuration to avoid using input access lists, by removing NAT from the configuration, or by separating NAT and filtering functions into different network devices or onto different interfaces. Each of these changes has significant installation-dependent complexity, and must be planned and executed with a full understanding of the implications of the change. If the configuration of a router is changed to eliminate NAT, or to change the interfaces on which NAT is applied, as a means of avoiding this vulnerability, the router must be reloaded before the change will have the desired effect. Exploitation and Public Announcements ===================================== Cisco knows of no public announcements or discussion of this vulnerability before the date of this notice. Cisco has had no reports of malicious exploitation of this vulnerability. However, the nature of this vulnerability is such that it may create security exposures without knowingly being "exploited" as the term is usually used with respect to security vulnerabilities. This vulnerability was reported to Cisco by several customers who found it during in-service testing. Status of This Notice ===================== This is a final field notice. Although Cisco cannot guarantee the accuracy of all statements in this notice, all of the facts have been checked to the best of our ability. Cisco does not anticipate issuing updated versions of this notice unless there is some material change in the facts. Should there be a significant change in the facts, Cisco may update this notice. Distribution - ---------- This notice will be posted on Cisco's Worldwide Web site at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/770/iosnatacl-pub.shtml . In addition to Worldwide Web posting, the initial version of this notice is being sent to the following e-mail and Usenet news recipients: * cust-security-announce@cisco.com * bugtraq@netspace.org * first-teams@first.org (includes CERT/CC) * cisco@spot.colorado.edu * comp.dcom.sys.cisco * firewalls@greatcircle.com * Various internal Cisco mailing lists Future updates of this notice, if any, will be placed on Cisco's Worldwide Web server, but may or may not be actively announced on mailing lists or newsgroups. Users concerned about this problem are encouraged to check the URL given above for any updates. Revision History - -------------- Revision 1.0, First release candidate version 16:40 US/Pacific 8-APR-1999 Revision 1.1, Remove extraneous editor's comments 18:20 US/Pacific 8-APR-1999 Revision 1.2, Typographical cleanup, clarification of affected releases 12:00 US/Pacific in summary section, remove extraneous bug reference. 9-APR-1999 Cisco Security Procedures ========================= Complete information on reporting security vulnerabilities in Cisco products, obtaining assistance with security incidents, and registering to receive security information from Cisco, is available on Cisco's Worldwide Web site at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/791/sec_incident_response.shtml. This includes instructions for press inquiries regarding Cisco security notices. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This notice is copyright 1999 by Cisco Systems, Inc. This notice may be redistributed freely after the release date given at the top of the text, provided that redistributed copies are complete and unmodified, including all date and version information. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [End Cisco Advisory] ______________________________________________________________________________ CIAC wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Cisco for the information contained in this bulletin. ______________________________________________________________________________ CIAC, the Computer Incident Advisory Capability, is the computer security incident response team for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the emergency backup response team for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). CIAC is located at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California. 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